Innovation Series: Advanced Science (ISSN 2938-9933)

Research on Optimization of Algebraic Curve-Based Identity Authentication Protocols Incorporating Zero-Knowledge Proofs

Shi Wang

Abstract: As network applications rapidly evolve toward mobile and ubiquitous scenarios, identity authentication protocols face heightened demands for privacy protection and computational efficiency while maintaining security. Traditional authentication schemes often struggle to achieve an effective balance between privacy preservation, computational complexity, and security during design, with performance bottlenecks becoming increasingly prominent in resource-constrained environments. To address these challenges, this study proposes an optimized algebraic curve identity authentication protocol incorporating zero-knowledge proofs. Building upon Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) as its cryptographic foundation, the protocol leverages ECC's inherent advantages of shorter key lengths and higher computational efficiency for equivalent security levels. Simultaneously, it integrates zero-knowledge proof mechanisms to minimize the exposure of user identity information during authentication. Through systematic optimization of the key generation mechanism, zero-knowledge proof interaction flow, and identity verification logic, the proposed protocol effectively reduces computational and communication overhead while ensuring identity anonymity and authentication integrity. Experimental results demonstrate that compared to traditional ECC authentication protocols and classical zero-knowledge proof schemes, the optimized protocol exhibits significant advantages in key generation time, authentication response latency, and communication load. It effectively resists common security threats such as replay attacks and forgery attacks, making it suitable for resource-constrained network environments and privacy-sensitive applications.

Keywords: Algebraic curves, Zero-knowledge proofs, Identity authentication, Privacy protection

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